About Read & Write

Manual Description Here: Ea eam labores imperdiet, apeirian democritum ei nam, doming neglegentur ad vis.

ā§Ŧā§Ēāϟি āϏংāĻ•্āώিāĻĒ্āϤ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻেāϰ āĻĒুāϰ্āύ āϰুāĻĒ

ā§Ŧā§ĒāϟāĻŋ āϏāĻ‚āĻ•ā§āώāĻŋāĻĒā§āϤ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĒ⧁āĻ°ā§āύ āϰ⧁āĻĒ
ā§§। Wi-Fi āϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖāϰূāĻĒ — Wireless Fidelity.
⧍। HTTP āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖāϰূāĻĒ — Hyper Text Transfer
Protocol.
ā§Š। HTTPS āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖāϰূāĻĒ — Hyper Text Transfer
Protocol Secure.
ā§Ē। URL āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖāϰূāĻĒ — Uniform Resource Locator.
ā§Ģ। IP āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖāϰূāĻĒ— Internet Protocol
ā§Ŧ। VIRUS āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖāϰূāĻĒ — Vital Information Resource
Under Seized.
ā§­। SIM āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖāϰূāĻĒ — Subscriber Identity Module.
ā§Ž। 3G āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖāϰূāĻĒ — 3rd Generation.
⧝। GSM āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖāϰূāĻĒ — Global System for Mobile
Communication.
ā§§ā§Ļ। CDMA āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖāϰূāĻĒ — Code Divison Multiple
Access.
ā§§ā§§। UMTS āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖāϰূāĻĒ — Universal Mobile
Telecommunication
System.
⧧⧍। RTS āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖāϰূāĻĒ — Real Time Streaming
ā§§ā§Š। AVI āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖāϰূāĻĒ — Audio Video Interleave
ā§§ā§Ē। SIS āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖāϰূāĻĒ — Symbian OS Installer File
ā§§ā§Ģ। AMR āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖāϰূāĻĒ — Adaptive Multi-Rate
Codec
ā§§ā§Ŧ। JAD āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖāϰূāĻĒ — Java Application Descriptor
ā§§ā§­। JAR āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖāϰূāĻĒ — Java Archive
ā§§ā§Ž। MP3 āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖāϰূāĻĒ — MPEG player lll
⧧⧝। 3GPP āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖāϰূāĻĒ — 3rd Generation
Partnership Project
⧍ā§Ļ। 3GP āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖāϰূāĻĒ — 3rd Generation Project
⧍⧧। MP4 āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖāϰূāĻĒ — MPEG-4 video file
⧍⧍। AAC āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖāϰূāĻĒ — Advanced Audio Coding
ā§¨ā§Š। GIF āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖāϰূāĻĒ — Graphic Interchangeable
Format
⧍ā§Ē। BMP āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖāϰূāĻĒ — Bitmap
⧍ā§Ģ। JPEG āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖāϰূāĻĒ — Joint Photographic Expert
Group
⧍ā§Ŧ। SWF āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖāϰূāĻĒ — Shock Wave Flash
⧍⧭। WMV āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖāϰূāĻĒ — Windows Media Video
ā§¨ā§Ž। WMA āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖāϰূāĻĒ — Windows Media Audio
⧍⧝। WAV āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖāϰূāĻĒ — Waveform Audio
ā§Šā§Ļ। PNG āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖāϰূāĻĒ — Portable Network Graphics
ā§Šā§§। DOC āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖāϰূāĻĒ — Doc**ent (Microsoft
Corporation)
ā§Šā§¨। PDF āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖāϰূāĻĒ — Portable Doc**ent Format
ā§Šā§Š। M3G āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖāϰূāĻĒ — Mobile 3D Graphics
ā§Šā§Ē। M4A āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖāϰূāĻĒ — MPEG-4 Audio File
ā§Šā§Ģ। NTH āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖāϰূāĻĒ — Nokia Theme(series 40)
ā§Šā§Ŧ। THM āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖāϰূāĻĒ — Themes (Sony Ericsson)
ā§Šā§­। MMF āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖāϰূāĻĒ — Synthetic Music Mobile
Application File
ā§Šā§Ž। NRT āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖāϰূāĻĒ — Nokia Ringtone
ā§Šā§¯। XMF āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖāϰূāĻĒ — Extensible Music File
ā§Ēā§Ļ। WBMP āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖāϰূāĻĒ — Wireless Bitmap Image
ā§Ēā§§। DVX āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖāϰূāĻĒ — DivX Video
ā§Ē⧍। HTML āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖāϰূāĻĒ — Hyper Text Markup
Language
ā§Ēā§Š। WML āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖāϰূāĻĒ — Wireless Markup
Language
ā§Ēā§Ē। CD āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖāϰূāĻĒ — Compact Disk.
ā§Ēā§Ģ। DVD āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖāϰূāĻĒ — Digital Versatile Disk.
ā§Ēā§Ŧ। CRT — Cathode Ray Tube.
ā§Ēā§­। DAT āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖāϰূāĻĒ — Digital Audio Tape.
ā§Ēā§Ž। DOS āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖāϰূāĻĒ — Disk Operating System.
ā§Ē⧝। GUI āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖāϰূāĻĒ — Graphical User Interface.
ā§Ģā§Ļ। ISP āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖāϰূāĻĒ — Internet Service Provider.
ā§Ģā§§। TCP āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖāϰূāĻĒ — Transmission Control
Protocol.
ā§Ģ⧍। UPS āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖāϰূāĻĒ — Uninterruptible Power
Supply.
ā§Ģā§Š। HSDPA āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖāϰূāĻĒ — High Speed Downlink
Packet Access.
ā§Ģā§Ē। EDGE āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖāϰূāĻĒ — Enhanced Data Rate for
GSM [Global System for Mobile Communication]
ā§Ģā§Ģ। VHF āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖāϰূāĻĒ — Very High Frequency.
ā§Ģā§Ŧ। UHF āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖāϰূāĻĒ — Ultra High Frequency.
ā§Ģā§­। GPRS āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖāϰূāĻĒ — General Packet Radio
Service.
ā§Ģā§Ž। WAP āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖāϰূāĻĒ — Wireless
Application Protocol.
ā§Ģ⧝। ARPANET āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖāϰূāĻĒ — Advanced Research
Project Agency Network.
ā§Ŧā§Ļ। IBM āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖāϰূāĻĒ — International Business
Machines.
ā§Ŧā§§। HP āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖāϰূāĻĒ — Hewlett Packard.
ā§Ŧ⧍। AM/FM āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖāϰূāĻĒ — Amplitude/ Frequency
Modulation.
ā§Ŧā§Š। WLAN āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖāϰূāĻĒ — Wireless Local Area
Network
ā§Ŧā§Ē। USB āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖāϰূāĻĒ — Universal Serial Bus.
Read More...

āϤāĻĨ্āϝāĻ“ āϝোāĻ—াāϝোāĻ— āĻĒ্āϰāϝুāĻ•্āϤি āĻŦāχ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āύিāϰ্āĻŦাāϚিāϤ āĻ—ুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āϤāĻĨ্āϝ

āϤāĻĨā§āϝāĻ“ āϝ⧋āĻ—āĻžāϝ⧋āĻ— āĻĒā§āϰāϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋ āĻŦāχ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻžāϚāĻŋāϤ āϗ⧁āϰ⧁āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āϤāĻĨā§āϝ
ā§§) āϤāĻĨ্āϝেāϰ āĻ•্āώুāĻĻ্āϰāϤāĻŽ āĻāĻ•āĻ• - āĻĄেāϟা
⧍) āĻĄেāϟা āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻেāϰ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨ - āĻĢ্āϝাāĻ•্āϟ
ā§Š) āĻŦিāĻļেāώ āĻĒ্āϰেāĻ•্āώিāϤে āĻĄেāϟাāĻ•ে āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨāĻŦāĻš āĻ•āϰাāχ
- āχāύāĻĢāϰāĻŽেāĻļāύ
ā§Ē) āϤāĻĨ্āϝ=āωāĻĒাāϤ্āϤ+āĻĒ্āϰেāĻ•্āώিāϤ+āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨ
ā§Ģ) āϤāĻĨ্āϝ āĻŦিāϤāϰāĻŖ, āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•্āϰি⧟াāĻ•āϰāĻŖ āĻ“ āϏংāϰāĻ•্āώāĻŖেāϰ
āϏাāĻĨে āϝুāĻ•্āϤ - āϤāĻĨ্āϝ āĻĒ্āϰāϝুāĻ•্āϤি
ā§Ŧ) ICT in Education Program āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āĻ•āϰে -
UNESCO
ā§­) āĻ•āĻŽ্āĻĒিāωāϟাāϰেāϰ āĻ­েāϤāϰ āφāĻ›ে - āĻ…āϏংāĻ–্āϝ
āĻŦāϰ্āϤāύী
ā§Ž) āϤāĻĨ্āϝ āϏংāϰāĻ•্āώāĻŖ, āĻŦিāĻļ্āϞেāώāĻŖ āĻāĻŦং āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒাāĻĻāύ
āĻ•āϰে - āĻ•āĻŽ্āĻĒিāωāϟাāϰ
⧝) āĻ•āĻŽ্āĻĒিāωāϟাāϰ āĻ—ুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āĻ•াāϜ āĻ•āϰে - ā§Ēāϟি
ā§§ā§Ļ) āĻŽāύো āĻāĻĢāĻāĻŽ āĻŦ্āϝাāύ্āĻĄ āϚাāϞু āĻšā§Ÿ - ⧧⧝ā§Ēā§Ŧ āϏাāϞে
ā§§ā§§) āϏ্āϟেāϰিāĻ“ āĻāĻĢāĻāĻŽ āĻŦ্āϝাāύ্āĻĄ āϚাāϞু āĻšā§Ÿ - ⧧⧝ā§Ŧā§Ļ
āϏাāϞে
⧧⧍) āϏাāϰাāĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦে āĻāĻĢāĻāĻŽ āĻĢ্āϰিāĻ•ু⧟েāύ্āϏি
87.5-108.0 Hz
ā§§ā§Š) Radio Communication System āĻ
āĻŦ্āϰāĻĄāĻ•াāϏ্āϟিং - ā§Š āϧāϰāĻŖেāϰ
ā§§ā§Ē) PAL āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖāϰূāĻĒ - Phase Alternation by Line
ā§§ā§Ģ) āĻĻেāĻļে āĻŦেāϏāϰāĻ•াāϰি āϚ্āϝাāύেāϞ -ā§Ēā§§āϟি
ā§§ā§Ŧ) āĻĒৃāĻĨিāĻŦীāϰ āĻŦৃāĻšāϤ্āϤāĻŽ āύেāϟāĻ“ā§Ÿাāϰ্āĻ• - āχāύ্āϟাāϰāύেāϟ
ā§§ā§­) āχāύ্āϟাāϰāύেāϟ āϚাāϞু āĻšā§Ÿ - ARPANET āĻĻি⧟ে
(⧧⧝ā§Ŧ⧝)
ā§§ā§Ž) ARPANET āϚাāϞু āĻ•āϰে āĻŽাāϰ্āĻ•িāύ āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāϰāĻ•্āώা
āĻŦিāĻ­াāĻ—
⧧⧝) āχāύ্āϟাāϰāύেāϟ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāϟি āϚাāϞু āĻšā§Ÿ - ā§§ā§¯ā§Žā§¨ āϏাāϞে
⧍ā§Ļ) ARPANETāĻ TCP/IP āϚাāϞু āĻšā§Ÿ - ā§§ā§¯ā§Žā§Š āϏাāϞে
⧍⧧) NSFNET āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāώ্āĻ িāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ - ā§§ā§¯ā§Žā§Ŧ āϏাāϞে
⧍⧍) ARPANET āĻŦāύ্āϧ āĻšā§Ÿ - ⧧⧝⧝ā§Ļ āϏাāϞে
ā§¨ā§Š) āϏāĻŦাāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āχāύ্āϟাāϰāύেāϟ āωāύ্āĻŽুāĻ•্āϤ āĻšā§Ÿ - ā§§ā§¯ā§Žā§¯
āϏাāϞে
⧍ā§Ē) ISOC āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāώ্āĻ িāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ - ⧧⧝⧝⧍ āϏাāϞে
⧍ā§Ģ) āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļে āχāύ্āϟাāϰāύেāϟ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰāĻ•াāϰী
āĻĒ্āϰা⧟ ā§ĢāĻ•োāϟি ⧍⧍āϞাāĻ– (ā§Šā§¨%)
⧍ā§Ŧ) āχāύ্āϟাāϰāύেāϟেāϰ āĻĒāϰীāĻ•্āώাāĻŽূāϞāĻ• āĻĒāϰ্āϝা⧟
⧧⧝ā§Ŧ⧝-ā§§ā§¯ā§Žā§Š
⧍⧭) āϟিāĻ­ি - āĻāĻ•āĻŽূāĻ–ী āϝোāĻ—াāϝোāĻ— āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāϏ্āĻĨা
ā§¨ā§Ž) "Global Village" āĻ“ "The Medium is the
Message" āĻāϰ āωāĻĻ্āĻ­াāĻŦāĻ• - āĻŽাāϰ্āĻļাāϞ āĻŽ্āϝাāĻ•āϞুāĻšাāύ
(⧧⧝⧧⧧-ā§§ā§¯ā§Žā§Ļ)
⧍⧝) The Gutenberg : The Making Typographic
Man āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļিāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ - ⧧⧝ā§Ŧ⧍ āϏাāϞে
ā§Šā§Ļ) Understanding Media āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļিāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ - ⧧⧝ā§Ŧā§Ē
āϏাāϞে
ā§Šā§§) āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻ—্āϰাāĻŽেāϰ āĻŽূāϞāĻ­িāϤ্āϤি - āύিāϰাāĻĒāĻĻ āϤāĻĨ্āϝ
āφāĻĻাāύ āĻĒ্āϰāĻĻাāύ
ā§Šā§¨) āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻ—্āϰাāĻŽেāϰ āĻŽেāϰুāĻĻāĻŖ্āĻĄ - āĻ•াāύেāĻ•āϟিāĻ­িāϟি
ā§Šā§Š) āĻ•āĻŽ্āĻĒিāωāϟাāϰ āĻĻি⧟ে āĻ—াāĻŖিāϤিāĻ• āϝুāĻ•্āϤি āĻ“
āϏিāĻĻ্āϧাāύ্āϤāĻ—্āϰāĻšāĻŖāĻŽূāϞāĻ• āĻ•াāϜ āĻ•āϰা āϝা⧟
ā§Šā§Ē) āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύ āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦেāϰ āϜ্āĻžাāύেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϧাāύ
āĻ­াāύ্āĻĄাāϰ - āĻ“ā§ŸেāĻŦāϏাāχāϟ
ā§Šā§Ģ) EHRāĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖāϰুāĻĒ - Electronic Heath Records
ā§Šā§Ŧ) āĻ…āĻĢিāϏেāϰ āϏাāϰ্āĻŦিāĻ• āĻ•াāϰ্āϝāĻ•্āϰāĻŽ āϏ্āĻŦ⧟ংāĻ•্āϰি⧟
āĻ•āϰাāĻ•ে āĻŦāϞে - āĻ…āĻĢিāϏ āĻ…āϟোāĻŽেāĻļāύ
ā§Šā§­) IT+Entertainment = Xbox
ā§Šā§Ž) IT+Telecommunication = iPod
ā§Šā§¯) IT+Consumer Electronics= Vaio
ā§Ēā§Ļ) āĻ•ৃāϤ্āϰিāĻŽ āĻŦুāĻĻ্āϧিāĻŽāϤ্āϤা āĻĨাāĻ•āĻŦে - ā§ĢāĻŽ āĻĒ্āϰāϜāύ্āĻŽেāϰ
āĻ•āĻŽ্āĻĒিāωāϟাāϰে
ā§Ēā§§। āĻ•ৃāϤ্āϰিāĻŽ āĻŦুāĻĻ্āϧিāĻŽāϤ্āϤা āĻĒ্āϰ⧟োāĻ—েāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ
āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻ•āϰা āĻšā§Ÿ - āĻĒ্āϰোāĻ—্āϰাāĻŽিং āϞ্āϝাংāĻ—ু⧟েāϜ
ā§Ē⧍।āϰোāĻŦāϟেāϰ āωāĻĒাāĻĻাāύ- Power System, Actuator,
Sensor, Manipulation
ā§Ēā§Š।PCB āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖāϰূāĻĒ - Printed Circuit Board
ā§Ēā§Ē।āĻ–্āϰিāώ্āϟāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦ ⧍ā§Ģā§Ļā§Ļ āϏাāϞে āϤ্āĻŦāĻ•েāϰ āϚিāĻ•িā§ŽāϏা⧟
āĻļীāϤāϞ āϤাāĻĒāĻŽাāϤ্āϰা āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻ•āϰāϤো - āĻŽিāĻļāϰী⧟āϰা
ā§Ēā§Ģ।āύেāĻĒোāϞি⧟āύেāϰ āϚিāĻ•িā§ŽāϏāĻ• āĻ›িāϞেāύ -
āĻĄāĻŽিāύিāĻ• āϜ্āϝা āϞ্āϝাāϰি
ā§Ēā§Ŧ।āĻŽāĻšাāĻļূāύ্āϝে āĻĒ্āϰেāϰিāϤ āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āωāĻĒāĻ—্āϰāĻš -
āϏ্āĻĒুāϟāύিāĻ•-ā§§
ā§Ēā§­।āϚাঁāĻĻে āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻŽাāύুāώ āĻĒৌঁāĻ›ে - ⧍ā§ĻāϜুāϞাāχ, ⧧⧝ā§Ŧ⧝
āϏাāϞে
ā§Ēā§Ž।MRP āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖāϰুāĻĒ - Manufacturing Resource
Planning
ā§Ē⧝।UAV āĻ‰ā§œāϤে āϏāĻ•্āώāĻŽ ā§§ā§Ļā§Ļ āĻ•ি.āĻŽি. āĻĒāϰ্āϝāύ্āϤ
ā§Ģā§Ļ।GPS āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖāϰুāĻĒ - Global Positioning System
ā§Ģā§§।āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤি āϏāύাāĻ•্āϤāĻ•āϰāĻŖে āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ -
āĻŦা⧟োāĻŽেāϟ্āϰিāĻ• āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤি
ā§Ģ⧍।āĻš্āϝাāύ্āĻĄ āϜিāĻ“āĻŽেāϟ্āϰি āϰিāĻĄাāϰ āĻĒāϰিāĻŽাāĻĒ āĻ•āϰāϤে
āĻĒাāϰে - ā§Šā§§ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ļ+ āĻĒ⧟েāύ্āϟ
ā§Ģā§Š।āφāχāϰিāϏ āϏāύাāĻ•্āϤāĻ•āϰāĻŖ āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤিāϤে āϏāĻŽā§Ÿ āϞাāĻ—ে -
ā§§ā§Ļ-ā§§ā§Ģ āϏেāĻ•েāύ্āĻĄ
ā§Ģā§Ē।Bioinformatics āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāϟি āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻ•āϰেāύ -
Paulien Hogeweg
ā§Ģā§Ģ।Bioinformatics āĻāϰ āϜāύāĻ• - Margaret Oakley
Dayhaff
ā§Ģā§Ŧ।āĻāĻ• āϏেāϟ āĻĒূāϰ্āύাāĻ™্āĻ— āϜীāύāĻ•ে āĻŦāϞা āĻšā§Ÿ -
āϜিāύোāĻŽ
ā§Ģā§­।Genetic Engineering āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāϟি āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ
āĻ•āϰেāύ - Jack Williamson l
ā§Ģā§Ž। āϰিāĻ•āĻŽ্āĻŦিāύাāύ্āϟ āĻĄিāĻāύāĻ āϤৈāϰি āĻ•āϰেāύ - Paul
Berg(1972)
ā§Ģ⧝।āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āϟ্āϰাāύ্āϏāϜেāύিāĻ• āĻĒ্āϰাāĻŖি- āχঁāĻĻুāϰ
(1974)
ā§Ŧā§Ļ।āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ Genetic Engineering Company
- Genetech(1976)
ā§Ŧā§§।GMO āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖāϰুāĻĒ - Genetically Modified
Organism
ā§Ŧ⧍।āĻĒাāϰāĻŽাāύāĻŦিāĻ• āĻŦা āφāύāĻŦিāĻ• āĻŽাāϤ্āϰাāϰ
āĻ•াāϰ্āϝāĻ•্āώāĻŽ āĻ•ৌāĻļāϞ - āύ্āϝাāύোāϟেāĻ•āύোāϞāϜি
ā§Ŧā§Š।āĻ…āύুāϰ āĻ—āĻ āύ āĻĻেāĻ–া āϝা⧟ - āϏ্āĻ•্āϝাāύিং
āϟাāύেāϞিং āĻŽাāχāĻ•্āϰোāϏ্āĻ•োāĻĒে
ā§Ŧā§Ē।Computer Ethics Institute āĻāϰ āύিāϰ্āĻĻেāĻļāύা -
ā§§ā§Ļāϟি
ā§Ŧā§Ģ।āĻŦ্āϰেāχāϞ āĻ›া⧜া āĻ…āύ্āϧāĻĻেāϰ āĻĒ⧜াāϰ āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤি -
Screen Magnification / Screen Reading Software
ā§Ŧā§Ŧ।āϝোāĻ—াāϝোāĻ— āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•্āϰি⧟াāϰ āĻŽৌāϞিāĻ• āωāĻĒাāĻĻাāύ -
ā§Ģāϟি
ā§Ŧā§­।āϟ্āϰাāύ্āϏāĻŽিāĻļāύ āϏ্āĻĒিāĻĄāĻ•ে āĻŦāϞা āĻšā§Ÿ - Bandwidth
ā§Ŧā§Ž।Bandwidth āĻŽাāĻĒা āĻšā§Ÿ - bps āĻ
ā§Ŧ⧝।āύ্āϝাāϰো āĻŦ্āϝাāύ্āĻĄেāϰ āĻ—āϤি 45-300 bps
ā§­ā§Ļ।āϭ⧟েāϏ āĻŦ্āϝাāύ্āĻĄেāϰ āĻ—āϤি 9600 bps
ā§­ā§§।āĻŦ্āϰāĻĄāĻŦ্āϝাāύ্āĻĄেāϰ āĻ—āϤি- 1 Mbps
⧭⧍।āĻ•্āϝাāϰেāĻ•্āϟাāϰ āĻŦাāχ āĻ•্āϝাāϰেāĻ•্āϟাāϰ
āϟ্āϰাāύ্āϏāĻŽিāĻļāύ- āĻāϏিāύāĻ•্āϰোāύাāϏ
ā§­ā§Š।āϏিāύāĻ•্āϰোāύাāϏ āϟ্āϰাāύ্āϏāĻŽিāĻļāύে āĻĒ্āϰāϤি āĻŦ্āϞāĻ•ে
āĻ•্āϝাāϰেāĻ•্āϟাāϰ ā§Žā§Ļ-ā§§ā§Šā§¨āϟি
ā§­ā§Ē।āĻĄাāϟা āϟ্āϰাāύ্āϏāĻŽিāĻļāύ āĻŽোāĻĄ- ā§Š āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāϰ
ā§­ā§Ģ।āĻāĻ•āĻĻিāĻ•ে āĻĄাāϟা āĻĒ্āϰেāϰāĻŖ- āϏিāĻŽāĻĒ্āϞেāĻ•্āϏ āĻŽোāĻĄ
ā§­ā§Ŧ।āωāϭ⧟ āĻĻিāĻ•ে āĻĄাāϟা āĻĒ্āϰেāϰāĻŖ, āϤāĻŦে āĻāĻ• āϏাāĻĨে
āύ⧟- āĻšাāĻĢ āĻĄুāĻĒ্āϞেāĻ•্āϏ āĻŽোāĻĄ
ā§­ā§­।āĻāĻ•āχ āϏাāĻĨে āωāϭ⧟ āĻĻিāĻ•ে āĻĄাāϟা āĻĒ্āϰেāϰāĻŖ - āĻĢুāϞ
āĻĄুāĻĒ্āϞেāĻ•্āϏ āĻŽোāĻĄ
ā§­ā§Ž।āĻ•্āϝাāĻŦāϞ āϤৈāϰি āĻšā§Ÿ- āĻĒāϰাāĻŦৈāĻĻ্āϝুāϤিāĻ•(Dielectric)
āĻĒāĻĻাāϰ্āĻĨ āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা
⧭⧝।Co-axial Cable āĻ āĻ—āϤি 200 Mbps āĻĒāϰ্āϝāύ্āϤ
ā§Žā§Ļ।Twisted Pair Cable āĻ āϤাāϰ āĻĨাāĻ•ে- 4 āϜো⧜া
ā§Žā§§।Fiber Optic- Light signal āϟ্āϰাāύ্āϏāĻŽিāϟ āĻ•āϰে
ā§Žā§¨।āĻŽাāχāĻ•্āϰোāĻ“ā§ŸেāĻ­েāϰ āĻĢ্āϰিāĻ•ু⧟েāύ্āϏি āϰেāĻž্āϜ 300
MHz - 30 GHz
ā§Žā§Š।āĻ•ৃāϤ্āϰিāĻŽ āωāĻĒāĻ—্āϰāĻšেāϰ āωāĻĻ্āĻ­āĻŦ āϘāϟে- ⧧⧝ā§Ģā§Ļ āĻāϰ
āĻĻāĻļāĻ•ে
ā§Žā§Ē।Geosynchronous Satellite āϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒিāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ- ⧧⧝ā§Ŧā§Ļ
āĻāϰ āĻĻāĻļāĻ•ে
ā§Žā§Ģ।āĻ•ৃāϤ্āϰিāĻŽ āωāĻĒāĻ—্āϰāĻš āĻĨাāĻ•ে āĻ­ূ-āĻĒৃāώ্āĻ  āĻšāϤে ā§Šā§Ŧā§Ļā§Ļā§Ļ
āĻ•ি.āĻŽি. āωāϰ্āϧ্āĻŦে
ā§Žā§Ŧ।Bluetooth āĻāϰ āϰেāĻž্āϜ 10 -100 Meter
ā§Žā§­।Wi-fi āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖāϰুāĻĒ- Wireless Fidelity
ā§Žā§Ž।Wi-fi āĻāϰ āĻ—āϤি- 54 Mbps
ā§Žā§¯।WiMax āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāϟি āϚাāϞু āĻšā§Ÿ- ⧍ā§Ļā§Ļā§§ āϏাāϞে
⧝ā§Ļ।WiMax āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖāϰুāĻĒ- Worlwide Interoperabilty
for Microwave Access
⧝⧧।ā§Ēāϰ্āĻĨ āĻĒ্āϰāϜāύ্āĻŽেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϝুāĻ•্āϤি- WiMax
⧝⧍।WiMax āĻāϰ āĻ—āϤি- 75 Mbps
ā§¯ā§Š।FDMA = Frequency Division Multiple Access
⧝ā§Ē।CDMA = Code Division Multiple Access
⧝ā§Ģ।āĻŽোāĻŦাāχāϞেāϰ āĻŽূāϞ āĻ…ংāĻļ- ā§Šāϟি
⧝ā§Ŧ।SIM = Subscriber Identity Module
⧝⧭।GSM = Global System for Mobile
Communication
ā§¯ā§Ž।GSM āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āύাāĻŽāĻ•āϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰা āĻšā§Ÿ- ā§§ā§¯ā§Žā§¨ āϏাāϞে
⧝⧝।GSM āĻāϰ āϚ্āϝাāύেāϞ- ⧧⧍ā§Ēāϟি (āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāϟি 200
KHz)
ā§§ā§Ļā§Ļ।GSM āĻ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻĢ্āϰিāĻ•ু⧟েāύ্āϏি- 4 āϧāϰāύেāϰ
ā§§ā§Ļā§§.GSM āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ ā§¨ā§§ā§Žāϟি āĻĻেāĻļে
ā§§ā§Ļ⧍.GSM 3G āĻāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āĻĒ্āϰāϝোāϜ্āϝ
ā§§ā§Ļā§Š.GSM āĻ āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝুā§Ž āĻ–āϰāϚ āĻ—ā§œে ⧍āĻ“ā§Ÿাāϟ
ā§§ā§Ļā§Ē.CDMA āφāĻŦিāώ্āĻ•াāϰ āĻ•āϰে Qualcom(⧧⧝⧝ā§Ģ)
ā§§ā§Ļā§Ģ.āϰেāĻĄিāĻ“ āĻ“ā§ŸেāĻ­েāϰ āĻĢ্āϰিāĻ•ু⧟েāύ্āϏি āϰেāĻž্āϜ 10
KHz-1GHz
ā§§ā§Ļā§Ŧ.āϰেāĻĄিāĻ“ āĻ“ā§ŸেāĻ­েāϰ āĻ—āϤি 24Kbps
ā§§ā§Ļā§­.CDMA 3G āϤে āĻĒা āϰাāĻ–ে ⧧⧝⧝⧝ āϏাāϞে
ā§§ā§Ļā§Ž.CDMA āĻĄাāϟা āĻĒ্āϰāĻĻাāύ āĻ•āϰে āϏ্āĻĒ্āϰেāĻĄ
āϏ্āĻĒেāĻ•āϟ্āϰাāĻŽে
ā§§ā§Ļ⧝.1G AMPS āϚাāϞু āĻ•āϰা āĻšā§Ÿ ā§§ā§¯ā§Žā§Š āϏাāϞে āωāϤ্āϤāϰ
āφāĻŽেāϰিāĻ•া⧟
ā§§ā§§ā§Ļ.āϏāϰ্āĻŦāĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻĒ্āϰিāĻĒেāχāĻĄ āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤি āϚাāϞু āĻšā§Ÿ 2G āϤে
ā§§ā§§ā§§.MMS āĻ“ SMS āϚাāϞু āĻšā§Ÿ 2G āϤে
⧧⧧⧍.3G āϚাāϞু āĻšā§Ÿ ⧧⧝⧝⧍ āϏাāϞে
ā§§ā§§ā§Š.3G āĻāϰ āĻŦ্āϝাāύ্āĻĄāωāχāĻĨ 2MHz
ā§§ā§§ā§Ē.3G Mobile āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻ•āϰে āϜাāĻĒাāύেāϰ
NTT Docomo (⧍ā§Ļā§Ļā§§)
ā§§ā§§ā§Ģ.4G āĻāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϧাāύ āĻŦৈāĻļিāώ্āϟ্āϝ IP āĻ­িāϤ্āϤিāĻ•
āύেāϟāĻ“ā§Ÿাāϰ্āĻ•েāϰ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ
ā§§ā§§ā§Ŧ.4G āĻāϰ āĻ—āϤি 3G āĻāϰ āϚে⧟ে ā§Ģā§Ļ āĻ—ুāĻŖ āĻŦেāĻļি
ā§§ā§§ā§­.4G āĻāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•ৃāϤ āĻŦ্āϝাāύ্āĻĄāωāχāĻĨ 10Mbps
ā§§ā§§ā§Ž.āϟাāϰ্āĻŽিāύাāϞ āĻĻুāχ āϧāϰāύেāϰ
⧧⧧⧝.āĻ­ৌāĻ—āϞিāĻ•āĻ­াāĻŦে āĻ•āĻŽ্āĻĒিāωāϟাāϰ āύেāϟāĻ“ā§Ÿাāϰ্āĻ•- ā§Ē
āϧāϰāύেāϰ
⧧⧍ā§Ļ.PAN āϏীāĻŽাāĻŦāĻĻ্āϧ ā§§ā§Ļ āĻŽিāϟাāϰেāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে
⧧⧍⧧.PAN āĻāϰ āϧাāϰāĻŖা āĻĻেāύ āĻĨāĻŽাāϏ āϜিāĻŽাāϰāĻŽ্āϝাāύ
⧧⧍⧍.LAN āϏীāĻŽাāĻŦāĻĻ্āϧ ā§§ā§Ļ āĻ•িāϞোāĻŽিāϟাāϰেāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে
ā§§ā§¨ā§Š.LAN āĻ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ Co-axial Cable
⧧⧍ā§Ē.āĻ•েāĻŦāϞ āϟিāĻ­ি āύেāϟāĻ“ā§Ÿাāϰ্āĻ•- MAN
⧧⧍ā§Ģ.NIC=Network Interface Card
⧧⧍ā§Ŧ.NIC āĻ•াāϰ্āĻĄেāϰ āĻ•োāĻĄে āĻŦিāϟ āϏংāĻ–্āϝা-48
⧧⧍⧭.āĻŽāĻĄেāĻŽ āĻĻুāχ āϧāϰāύেāϰ
ā§§ā§¨ā§Ž.Hub āĻšāϞ āĻĻুāĻ‡ā§Ÿেāϰ āĻ…āϧিāĻ• āĻĒোāϰ্āϟāϝুāĻ•্āϤ
āϰিāĻĒিāϟাāϰ
⧧⧍⧝.āϏ্āĻŦāύাāĻŽāϧāύ্āϝ āϰাāωāϟাāϰ āĻ•োāĻŽ্āĻĒাāύি- Cisco
ā§§ā§Šā§Ļ.āĻŦ্āϰিāϜ āĻĒ্āϰāϧাāύāϤ ā§Š āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāϰ
ā§§ā§Šā§§.āύেāϟāĻ“āϝ়াāϰ্āĻ•ে PC āϝে āĻŦিāύ্āĻĻুāϤে āϝুāĻ•্āϤ āĻĨাāĻ•ে,
āϤাāĻ•ে āύোāĻĄ āĻŦāϞে।
ā§§ā§Šā§¨.Office Management-āĻ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšāϝ়- Tree
Topology
ā§§ā§Šā§Š.āĻŦাāύিāϜ্āϝিāĻ•āĻ­াāĻŦে Cloud Computing āĻļুāϰু
āĻ•āϰে- āφāĻŽাāϜāύ (⧍ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ŧ)
ā§§ā§Šā§Ē.Cloud Computing āĻāϰ āĻŦৈāĻļিāώ্āϟ্āϝ- ā§Šāϟি
ā§§ā§Šā§Ģ.āϏংāĻ–্āϝা āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤিāϰāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤীāĻ•- āĻ…ংāĻ•
ā§§ā§Šā§Ŧ.āϏংāĻ–্āϝা āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤি āĻĻুāχ āϧāϰāĻŖেāϰ
ā§§ā§Šā§­.Positional āϏংāĻ–্āϝা āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤিāϰāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ
āĻĒ্āϰāϝ়োāϜāύ- 3āϟি āĻĄাāϟা
ā§§ā§Šā§Ž.āϏংāĻ–্āϝাāĻ•ে āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖাংāĻļ āĻ“ āĻ­āĻ—্āύাংāĻļে āĻ­াāĻ—
āĻ•āϰা āĻšāϝ় Radix Point āĻĻিāϝ়ে
ā§§ā§Šā§¯.Bit āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖāϰুāĻĒ- Binary Digit
ā§§ā§Ēā§Ļ.Digital ComputerāĻāϰ āĻŽৌāϞিāĻ• āĻāĻ•āĻ•- Bit
ā§§ā§Ēā§§.āϏāϰāϞāϤāĻŽ āĻ—āĻŖāύা āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤি- āĻŦাāχāύাāϰী āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤি
ā§§ā§Ē⧍. "O" āĻāϰ āϞāϜিāĻ• āϞেāĻ­েāϞ : 0 Volt āĻĨেāĻ•ে
+0.8 Volt āĻĒāϰ্āϝāύ্āϤ
ā§§ā§Ēā§Š. "1" āĻāϰ āϞāϜিāĻ• āϞেāĻ­েāϞ : +2 Volt āĻĨেāĻ•ে +5
Volt āĻĒāϰ্āϝāύ্āϤ
ā§§ā§Ēā§Ē.Digital Device āĻ•াāϜ āĻ•āϰে- Binary āĻŽোāĻĄে
ā§§ā§Ēā§Ģ.n āĻŦিāϟেāϰ āĻŽাāύ 2^n āϟি
ā§§ā§Ēā§Ŧ.BCD Code = Binary Coded Decimal Code
ā§§ā§Ēā§­.ASCII=American Standard Code for
Information Interchange
ā§§ā§Ēā§Ž.ASCII āωāĻĻ্āĻ­াāĻŦāύ āĻ•āϰেāύ- āϰāĻŦাāϰ্āϟ āĻŦিāĻŽাāϰ
(⧧⧝ā§Ŧā§Ģ)
ā§§ā§Ē⧝.ASCII āĻ•োāĻĄে āĻŦিāϟ āϏংāĻ–্āϝা- ā§­āϟি
ā§§ā§Ģā§Ļ.EBCDIC=Extended Binary Coded Decimal
Information Code
ā§§ā§Ģā§§.Unicode āωāĻĻ্āĻ­াāĻŦāύ āĻ•āϰে Apple and Xerox
Corporation (1991)
ā§§ā§Ģ⧍.Unicode āĻŦিāϟ āϏংāĻ–্āϝা- 2 Byte
ā§§ā§Ģā§Š.Unicode āĻāϰ ā§§āĻŽ 256 āϟি āĻ•োāĻĄ ASCII
āĻ•োāĻĄেāϰ āĻ…āύুāϰুāĻĒ
ā§§ā§Ģā§Ē.Unicode āĻāϰ āϚিāĻš্āύিāϤ āϚিāĻš্āύ- ā§Ŧā§Ģ,ā§Ģā§Šā§Ŧāϟি
(2^10)
ā§§ā§Ģā§Ģ.ASCII āĻāϰ āĻŦিāϟ āϏংāĻ–্āϝা- 1 Byte
ā§§ā§Ģā§Ŧ.āĻŦুāϞিāϝ়াāύ āĻāϞāϜেāĻŦāϰাāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻ•- āϜāϰ্āϜ āĻŦুāϞি
(ā§§ā§Žā§Ēā§­)
ā§§ā§Ģā§­.āĻŦুāϞিāϝ়াāύ āϝোāĻ—āĻ•ে āĻŦāϞে- Logical Addition
ā§§ā§Ģā§Ž.Dual Principle āĻŽেāύে āϚāϞে- "and" āĻ“ "OR"
ā§§ā§Ģ⧝.āĻāĻ• āĻŦা āĻāĻ•াāϧিāĻ• āϚāϞāĻ• āĻĨাāĻ•ে Logic
Function āĻ
ā§§ā§Ŧā§Ļ.Logic Function āĻ āϚāϞāĻ•েāϰ āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āĻŽাāύ-
Input
ā§§ā§Ŧā§§.Logic Function āĻāϰ āĻŽাāύ āĻŦা āĻĢāϞাāĻĢāϞ- Output
ā§§ā§Ŧ⧍.āĻŦুāϞিāϝ়াāύ āωāĻĒāĻĒাāĻĻ্āϝ āĻĒ্āϰāĻŽাāĻŖ āĻ•āϰা āϝাāϝ়-
āϟ্āϰুāĻĨāϟেāĻŦিāϞ āĻĻিāϝ়ে
ā§§ā§Ŧā§Š.Digital Electronic Circuit āĻšāϞো- Logic Gate
ā§§ā§Ŧā§Ē.āĻŽৌāϞিāĻ• Logic Gate - ā§Šāϟি (OR, AND, NOT)
ā§§ā§Ŧā§Ģ.āϏাāϰ্āĻŦāϜāύীāύ āĻ—েāχāϟ- ⧍āϟি (NAND,NOR)
ā§§ā§Ŧā§Ŧ.āĻŦিāĻļেāώ āĻ—েāχāϟ- X-OR,X-NOR
ā§§ā§Ŧā§­.Encoder āĻ 2^nāϟি āχāύāĻĒুāϟ āĻĨেāĻ•ে n āϟি
āφāωāϟāĻĒুāϟ āĻšāϝ়
ā§§ā§Ŧā§Ž.Decoder āĻ nāϟি āχāύāĻĒুāϟ āĻĨেāĻ•ে 2^nāϟি āφāωāϟāĻĒুāϟ
āĻĻেāϝ়
ā§§ā§Ŧ⧝.Half Adder āĻ Sum āĻ“ Carry āĻĨাāĻ•ে
ā§§ā§­ā§Ļ.Full Adder āĻ ā§§āϟি Sum āĻ“ ⧍āϟি Carry āĻĨাāĻ•ে
ā§§ā§­ā§§.āĻāĻ•āĻ—ুāϚ্āĻ› āĻĢ্āϞিāĻĒ-āĻĢ্āϞāĻĒ āĻšāϞো- āϰেāϜিāϏ্āϟ্āϰাāϰ
⧧⧭⧍.Input pulse āĻ—ুāύāϤে āĻĒাāϰে- Counter
ā§§ā§­ā§Š.Web page āϤৈāϰি āĻ•āϰা āĻšā§Ÿ- HTML āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা
ā§§ā§­ā§Ē.āĻ›āĻŦিāϰ āĻĢাāχāϞ-. jpg/.jpeg/.bmp
ā§§ā§­ā§Ģ.āĻ­িāĻĄিāĻ“ āĻĢাāχāϞ-.mov/.mpeg/mp4
ā§§ā§­ā§Ŧ.āĻ…āĻĄিāĻ“ āĻĢাāχāϞ- mp3
ā§§ā§­ā§­.āĻ“ā§ŸেāĻŦāϏাāχāϟāĻ•ে āĻĻৃāώ্āϟিāύāύ্āĻĻāύ āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ
āĻšā§Ÿ-.css
ā§§ā§­ā§Ž.āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύে āϚাāϞু āφāĻ›ে- IPV4
⧧⧭⧝.IPV4 āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļে āĻĒ্āϰ⧟োāϜāύ- 32bit
ā§§ā§Žā§Ļ.IP address āĻāϰ Alphanumeric address- DNS
ā§§ā§Žā§§.āϏাāϰাāĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦেāϰ āĻĄোāĻŽেāχāύ āύেāχāĻŽ āύি⧟āύ্āϤ্āϰāĻŖ
āĻ•āϰে- InterNIC
ā§§ā§Žā§¨.āϜেāύেāϰিāĻ• āϟাāχāĻĒ āĻĄোāĻŽেāχāύ- āϟāĻĒ āϞেāĻ­েāϞ
āĻĄোāĻŽেāχāύ
ā§§ā§Žā§Š.http = hyper text transfer protocol
ā§§ā§Žā§Ē.URL = Uniform Resource Locator
ā§§ā§Žā§Ģ.HTML āφāĻŦিāώ্āĻ•াāϰ āĻ•āϰেāύ- āϟিāĻŽ āĻŦাāϰ্āύাāϰ āϞী
(⧧⧝⧝ā§Ļ)
ā§§ā§Žā§Ŧ.HTML āϤৈāϰি āĻ•āϰে W3C
ā§§ā§Žā§­.āĻ“ā§ŸেāĻŦ āĻĄিāϜাāχāύেāϰ āĻŽূāϞ āĻ•াāϜ- āϟেāĻŽāĻĒ্āϞেāϟ
āϤৈāϰি āĻ•āϰা
ā§§ā§Žā§Ž.āĻĒ্āϰোāĻ—্āϰাāĻŽিং⧟েāϰ āĻ­াāώা- ā§ĢāϏ্āϤāϰ āĻŦিāĻļিāώ্āϟ
ā§§ā§Žā§¯.Machine Language(1G)-1945
⧧⧝ā§Ļ.Assembly Language(2G)-1950
⧧⧝⧧.High Level Language(3G)-1960
⧧⧝⧍.Very High Level Language(4G)-1970
ā§§ā§¯ā§Š.Natural Language(5G)-1980
⧧⧝ā§Ē.āϞো āϞেāĻ­েāϞ vaSha-1G,2G
⧧⧝ā§Ģ.āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āϏাংāĻ•েāϤিāĻ• āĻāĻĄ্āϰেāϏ āĻĨাāĻ•ে-
āϞেāĻ­েāϞে
⧧⧝ā§Ŧ.C Language āϤৈāϰি āĻ•āϰেāύ- āĻĄেāύিāϏ āϰিāϚি
(⧧⧝⧭ā§Ļ)
⧧⧝⧭.C++ āϤৈāϰি āĻ•āϰেāύ- Bijarne Stroustrup(ā§§ā§¯ā§Žā§Ļ)
ā§§ā§¯ā§Ž.Visual Basic āĻļেāώāĻŦাāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļিāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ- ā§§ā§¯ā§¯ā§Ž
āϏাāϞে
⧧⧝⧝.Java āĻĄিāϜাāχāύ āĻ•āϰে- Sun Micro System
⧍ā§Ļā§Ļ.ALGOL āĻāϰ āωāĻĻ্āĻ­াāĻŦāύ āϘāϟে- ⧧⧝ā§Ģā§Ž āϏাāϞে
⧍ā§Ļā§§.Fortran āϤৈāϰি āĻ•āϰেāύ- āϜāύ āĻŦাāĻ•াāϏ(⧧⧝ā§Ģā§Ļ)
⧍ā§Ļ⧍.Python āϤৈāϰি āĻ•āϰেāύ- āĻ—ুāχāĻĄো āĻ­্āϝাāύ āϰোāϏাāĻŽ
(⧧⧝⧝⧧)
⧍ā§Ļā§Š.4G āĻāϰ āĻ­াāώা- Intellect,SQL
⧍ā§Ļā§Ē.Pseudo Code- āĻ›āĻĻ্āĻŽ āĻ•োāĻĄ
⧍ā§Ļā§Ģ.Visual Programming- Event Driven
⧍ā§Ļā§Ŧ.C Language āĻāϏেāĻ›ে BCPL āĻĨেāĻ•ে
⧍ā§Ļā§­.Turbo C āϤৈāϰি āĻ•āϰে- Borland Company
⧍ā§Ļā§Ž.C āĻ­াāώাāϰ āĻĻāϰāĻ•াāϰী Header āĻĢাāχāϞ- stdio.h
⧍ā§Ļ⧝.C āĻāϰ āĻ…āϤ্āϝাāĻŦāĻļ্āϝāĻ•ী⧟ āĻ…ংāĻļ- main ()
Function
⧍⧧ā§Ļ.ANSI C āĻ­াāώা āϏāĻŽāϰ্āĻĨāύ āĻ•āϰে- 4 āĻļ্āϰেāĻŖিāϰ
āĻĄাāϟা
⧍⧧⧧.ANCI C āϤে āĻ•ী-āĻ“ā§Ÿাāϰ্āĻĄ- 47 āϟি
⧍⧧⧍.ANSI C++ āĻ āĻ•ী-āĻ“ā§Ÿাāϰ্āĻĄ- 63 āϟি
ā§¨ā§§ā§Š.āĻĄাāϟাāĻŦেāϜেāϰ āĻ­িāϤ্āϤি- āĻĢিāϞ্āĻĄ
⧍⧧ā§Ē.Database ModelāĻāϰ āϧাāϰāĻŖা āĻĻেāύ- E.F.Codd
(⧧⧝⧭ā§Ļ)
⧍⧧ā§Ģ.āϏāĻŦāϚে⧟ে āϜāύāĻĒ্āϰি⧟ Query- Selec Query
⧍⧧ā§Ŧ.SQL = Structured Query Language
⧍⧧⧭.SQL āϤৈāϰি āĻ•āϰে- IBM(⧧⧝⧭ā§Ē)
ā§¨ā§§ā§Ž.ERP = Enterprise Resource Planning
⧍⧧⧝.āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļ āϏাāĻŦāĻŽেāϰিāύ āĻ•্āϝাāĻŦāϞে āϝুāĻ•্āϤ āĻšā§Ÿ-
⧍⧧ āĻŽে, ⧍ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ŧ
⧍⧍ā§Ļ.MIS = Management Information System
⧍⧍⧧।āĻ­ু⧟া āĻŽেāχāϞ āϜāĻŽাāϰ āϏ্āĻĨাāύ- Spam
⧍⧍⧍।CD= Compact Disk
ā§¨ā§¨ā§Š।MS Excel āĻšāϞো Spreadsheet Software
⧍⧍ā§Ē।āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļে āχāύ্āϟাāϰāύেāϟ āϚাāϞু āĻšā§Ÿ- ⧧⧝⧝ā§Ŧ
āϏাāϞে
⧍⧍ā§Ģ।āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻ•āĻŽ্āĻĒিāωāϟাāϰ- ENIAC
⧍⧍ā§Ŧ।āϞ্āϝাāĻĒāϟāĻĒ āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻŦাāϜাāϰে āφāϏে-ā§§ā§¯ā§Žā§§
āϏাāϞে
⧍⧍⧭।ROM=Read Only Memory
ā§¨ā§¨ā§Ž।āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύ āĻĒ্āϰāϜāύ্āĻŽ- 4G
⧍⧍⧝।āϟুāχāϟাāϰেāϰ āϜāύāĻ•- āϜ্āϝাāĻ• āĻĄāϰāϏি
ā§¨ā§Šā§Ļ। MODEM āĻ āφāĻ›ে – Modulator +
Demodulator
ā§¨ā§Šā§§।UNIX āĻšāϞো Operating System
ā§¨ā§Šā§¨।CPU= Central Processing Unit
ā§¨ā§Šā§Š।IC āĻĻি⧟ে āϤৈāϰি āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻ•āĻŽ্āĻĒিāωāϟাāϰ- IBM360
ā§¨ā§Šā§Ē।āĻĄিāϜিāϟাāϞ āĻ•āĻŽ্āĻĒিāωāϟাāϰেāϰ āϏূāĻ•্āώāϤা ā§§ā§Ļā§Ļ%
ā§¨ā§Šā§Ģ।ā§§āĻŽ āĻĒ্āϰোāĻ—্āϰাāĻŽাāϰ- āϞেāĻĄি āĻ…āĻ—াāϏ্āϟা
ā§¨ā§Šā§Ŧ।ā§§āĻŽ āĻĒ্āϰোāĻ—্āϰাāĻŽিং āĻ­াāώা-ADA
ā§¨ā§Šā§­।āĻ•āĻŽ্āĻĒিāωāϟাāϰে āĻĻে⧟া āĻ…āĻĒ্āϰ⧟োāϜāύী⧟ āϤāĻĨ্āϝ-
āĻ—িāĻŦাāϰিāĻļ
ā§¨ā§Šā§Ž।āĻ•āĻŽ্āĻĒিāωāϟাāϰ āĻ­াāχāϰাāϏ āφāϏে-⧧⧝ā§Ģā§Ļ āϏাāϞে
⧍ā§Ēā§Ļ।āĻ•āĻŽ্āĻĒিāωāϟাāϰ āĻ­াāχāϰাāϏ āύাāĻŽ āĻĻেāύ-āĻĢ্āϰেāĻĄ
āĻ•োāĻšেāύ
⧍ā§Ēā§§। Mother of All Virus-CIH
⧍ā§Ē⧍।VIRUS=Vital Information Resources Under
Seize
⧍ā§Ēā§Š।āĻĒ্āϰোāĻ—্āϰাāĻŽ āϰāϚāύাāϰ āϏāĻŦāϚে⧟ে āĻ•āĻ িāύ āĻ­াāώা-
āĻŽেāĻļিāύ āĻ­াāώা
⧍ā§Ēā§Ē।NORTON-āĻāĻ•āϟি āĻāύ্āϟিāĻ­াāχāϰাāϏ
⧍ā§Ēā§Ģ।āĻŽুāϰাāϤা āĻŦ⧟-āϜাāĻĒাāύি āϰোāĻŦāϟ
⧍ā§Ēā§Ŧ। 1nm=10^(-9) m
⧍ā§Ēā§­।āϏ্āĻŦāϰ্āĻŖেāϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŽাāĻŖুāϰ āφāĻ•াāϰ- 0.3nm
⧍ā§Ēā§Ž।āφāχāϏোāĻ•্āϰোāύাāϏ āϟ্āϰাāύ্āϏāĻŽিāĻļāύে āϏāĻŽā§Ÿ āϞাāĻ—ে
āĻļূāύ্āϝ āϏেāĻ•েāύ্āĻĄ
⧍ā§Ē⧝।āĻ…āĻĒāϟিāĻ•্āϝাāϞ āĻĢাāχāĻŦাāϰেāϰ āĻ•োāϰ
āĻĄা⧟াāĻŽিāϟাāϰ- ā§Ž-ā§§ā§Ļ āĻŽাāχāĻ•্āϰāύ
⧍ā§Ģā§Ļ।ā§§āĻŽ Wireless āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻ•āϰেāύ-Guglielimo
Marconi(1901)
Read More...